Citing Sources: AMA EXAMPLES

This guide is based on the 11th edition (2020) of the AMA Manual of Style. 

Reference List

Listed in numerical order at the end of the manuscript.

References to material not yet accepted for publication or to personal communications are instead included parenthetically in the text.

In-Text Citation 

Superscript number refers to the corresponding reference in the reference list. 

Watch these:

Author format: [last name][space][first initial][middle initial]

List up to six authors.  If there are more than 6, list the first three, then ", et al."

Article title or Chapter title: Do not enclose in quotation marks. Capitalize the first letter of the first word.  Do not capitalize the first word in a subtitle.

Book title: Use italics. Capitalize the first letter of the first word in the title, and the first letter of the first word in the subtitle.

Journal title: Abbreviate and italicize. Abbreviate using the NCBI NLM Catalog database.

Use a DOI. If no DOI is available, a persistent URL and accessed date may be given.

Article in a Journal (or other periodical)

1. Lastname, FM, Lastname, FM. Title of article: subtitle of article. Abbreviated Journal Name (or full title if no NCBI NLM abbreviation). Year;vol(issue number):page-page. DOI (if given)

2. Kernozek TW, Knaus A, Rademaker T, Almonroeder TG. The effects of habitual foot strike patterns on Achilles tendon loading in female runners. Gait & posture. 2018;66:283-287. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.09.016

Web page / Website

1. Lastname, FM (or if no author name, use the name of the organization responsible for the site). Title of webpage (or if no page title, use the name of the organization responsible for the site). Name of the website. Published [date] (if given). Updated [date] (if given). Accessed [date]. URL(stable)

Book

1. Lastname, FM, Lastname, FM. Title of book: Subtitle of book. Vol. n (if a volume in a series; volume does not have a unique title). Edition number (if a second edition or later). Publisher; year.

2. Walters, NJ, Estridge, BH, Reynolds, AP. Basic medical laboratory techniques. 3rd ed. Delmar Publishers; 1996.

Online Book

DOI is provded:

1. Lastname, FM, Lastname, FM. Title of book: Subtitle of book. Edition number (if a second edition or later). Publisher; year. DOI

No DOI provided:

2. Lastname, FM, Lastname, FM. Title of book: Subtitle of book. Edition number (if a second edition or later). Publisher; year. Accessed [date]. URL(stable)

Book Chapter

1. Lastname, FM, Lastname, FM. Title of chapter: subtitle of chapter. In: Lastname, FM, Lastname, FM, eds. Title of book: Subtitle of book. Edition number (if it is the second edition or later). Publisher name; year:page-page.

These are comprehensive citation guides recommended by librarians.

Each of these informs the AMA Manual of Style.